See also: Blood Tests and Other Lab Tests; Late HIV Diagnosis and Treatment; T-Cell (CD4) Tests and T-Cell Counts; HIV Viral Load and Viral Suppression; and HIV Viral Resistance

General Information (Fact Sheets, Guidelines, and Testing Sites)

• HIV Testing (AIDSinfo) and Spanish version
• HIV Testing in the United States (Kaiser Family Foundation)
• HIV Testing (AIDS InfoNet) and Spanish version
• HIV Screening and Testing (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – CDC) – This web page has links to many resources, including guidelines for HIV testing in clinical and nonclinical settings, HIV laboratory testing and reporting of test results, and HIV testing of donors of blood, organs, and other tissues.
• Expanded Testing Initiative (CDC)
• State HIV Testing Laws (Clinician’s Consultation Center) – This includes a compendium summarizing legal guidelines for HIV testing in U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico.
• HIV/AIDS Service and Resource Guide (Massachusetts) – see the HIV Prevention and Screening Programs section for testing information
• National HIV and STD Testing – CDC web page that includes a search feature to help people find nearby testing sites

HIV Tests, Technologies, and Policies

• Promising trends continue in U.K. diagnosis and treatment rates.  (October 2016, AIDSmap)
• Self-Testing is on the Map.  (September 2016, AVAC)
• Ten Years After Landmark HIV Testing Guidelines, How Are We Doing?  (September 2016, Journal Watch)
• The Most Common Question About the New HIV Testing Algorithm, Answered.  (September 2016, Journal Watch)
• HIV self-testing has several advantages, but some barriers to HIV testing likely to remain.  (June 2016, AIDSmap); related coverage from AIDSmap from Science Speaks Blog
• Q&A: Getting people tested remains top priority in US eradication of HIV.  (June 2016, Healio)
• What Happened After Texas Defunded an HIV Program at Planned Parenthood?  (June 2016, Poz)
• Young and Looking for an HIV Testing Site? There’s an App for That.  (May 2016, Poz)
• More targeted interventions to diagnose HIV during acute infection are needed, researchers warn.  (April 2016, AIDSmap)
• Opt-out HIV testing in a hospital emergency department may cost less than managing two patients with undiagnosed HIV.  (April 2016, AIDSmap)
• First data on uptake of HIV self-testing in the U.K.  (April 2016, AIDSmap)
• CD4 testing in VA hospitals could be reduced by 30% without detriment.  (April 2016, Healio)
• NASTAD Announces New HIV Data Driven Targeting and Recruitment Toolkit.  (April 2016, NASTAD)
• In Louisiana Jails, with HIV and No Help: Limited Testing, Treatment Interruptions Endanger Detainees.  (March 2016, Human Rights Watch)
• Using Drones to Deliver HIV Test Results.  (March 2016, Poz)
• Can Offering Incentives to Test Increase HIV and STI Testing Rates? (Spring 2016, CATIE)
• Opt-out approach can boost HIV testing rates.  (February 2016, AIDSmap); felated coverage from Healio
• A clean needle, an HIV test, and acknowledgment…We’re reading about simple solutions, out of reach.  (January 2016, Science Speaks Blog)
• Large UK study shows low rates of HIV testing, even among those who think they are at risk of HIV.  (December 2015, AIDSmap)
• General public correctly administers, interprets HIV self-test.  (October 2015, Healio)
• Benefits & Pitfalls to HIV Home Testing.  (October 2015, Beta Blog)
• WHO testing guidelines tackle “the most problematic” 90 of 90-90-90 with look at strategies.  (July 2015, Science Speaks Blog)
• World Health Organization urges more HIV testing by non-medical staff, outside of clinical settings, targeted to those who need it the most.  (July 2015, AIDSmap)
• Study shows how time runs out on teenagers with HIV after a decade or more undiagnosed.  (March 2015, Science Speaks Blog)
• Test for HIV, Hepatitis C, and Hepatitis B Approved by FDA.  (January 2015, TheBodyPro)
• Smartphone Device and App Detect Hepatitis and HIV in Minutes.  (December 2014, Hepmag)
• FDA OKs Wider Use of Rapid Test That Better Detects Early HIV.  (December 2014, Poz)
• HCV core-antigen testing is a reliable way of detecting acute HCV infections in HIV-positive gay men.  (October 2014, AIDSmap)
• Acute HIV Often Has Symptoms, But Testing Is Best Diagnostic.  (August 2014, Poz)
• Home-testing acceptable in ‘treat everyone’ trial: treatment takes longer to accept.  (July 2014, AIDSmap)
• Home-Based HIV Tests May Increase HIV Rates Among Gays. (January 2014, Poz)
• Opt-out HIV testing for acute medical admissions to UK hospitals works.  (January 2014, AIDSmap)
• Newer HIV Tests Better Identify Acute Infections.  (January 2014, Poz)
• Large US study shows which HIV tests are most accurate.  (January 2014, AIDSmap)
• Testing New Inmates May Not Uncover Many New HIV Cases.  (December 2013, Poz)
• WHO Makes Recommendations for HIV Testing, Treatment Among Adolescents.  (December 2013, Kaiser Family Foundation)
• Is Your Patient’s HIV Diagnosis Truly New? Antiretroviral Drug Testing May Provide Verdict.   (November 2013, TheBodyPro)
• Partner notification highly effective at finding new HIV cases, but a third who could be tested are missed.  (November 2013, AIDSmap)
• New Rapid Test for Acute HIV Is Now Available.  (October 2013, Poz)
• FDA OKs First Rapid Test That Can Detect Acute HIV.  (August 2013, Poz)
• Altered Testing Methods Can ID HIV Earlier, May Help in Prevention.  (June 2013, Poz)
• New, More Sensitive HIV Tests May Aid Vaccine Research.  (May 2013, Poz)

HIV Testing Programs, Campaigns, and Insurance Coverage

• Access to HIV home tests doubles the frequency of HIV testing in Australian gay men.  (July 2016, AIDSmap)
• World’s largest study of HIV self-testing gets off the ground.  (July 2016, AIDSmap)
• U.S. National HIV Testing Day boosts numbers testing.  (June 2016, AIDSmap)
• HIV testing and treatment campaigns need to target women and the under 35s, says research from South Africa.  (June 2016, AIDSmap)
• To Drive Gay Men to HIV Testing, Use Social Media.  (April 2016, Poz)
• Researchers use social media to increase HIV testing among men.  (April 2016, CATIE)
• Simple outreach on dating websites increases HIV testing rate.  (April 2016, AIDSmap)
• Opt-out testing at children’s hospitals increases HIV testing rate.  (December 2015, Healio)
• Thai testing campaign suggests how local cultures can influence testing behaviour.  (September 2015, AIDSmap)
• Spanish pharmacy HIV testing programme detects many new infections.  (September 2015, AIDSmap)
• HIV self-testing may help the ‘hard to reach’ learn their status, but uncertainties remain.  (July 2015, AIDSmap)
• Giving people information about HIV treatment as prevention lessens stigma and increases testing rates.  (July 2015, AIDSmap)
• HIV self-testing promoted as new tool to reach first 90 of 90-90-90 UNAIDS targets.  (July 2015, Science Speaks Blog)
• Active invitation and tracing more likely to get men involved in couples HIV counselling and testing.  (July 2015, AIDSmap)
• HIV and Syphilis Smartphone Assay Would Aid Testing in Remote Areas.  (February 2015, Poz)
• Social Media-Based Interventions Increase HIV Testing.  (January 2015, TheBodyPro)
• Ad Campaign on Dating App Motivated Users to Get Tested for HIV.  (December 2014, TheBodyPro)
• Educational Video Successfully Encourages HIV Testing in ER.  (September 2014, Poz)
• Views from the front lines: Couples testing and counselling.  (Fall 2014, CATIE)
• What needs to be done to make HIV self-testing a reality? (July 2014, AIDSmap)
• Expanded HIV testing may find more acute infections as well as more late presenters.  (April 2014, AIDSmap)
• Targeting HIV in Drug Injectors Can Lower AIDS in Heterosexuals.  (March 2014, Poz)
• HIV testing interventions should challenge fears of a positive result.  (February 2014, AIDSmap)
• HIV Education, Risky Sex Not Linked to Testing in Urban Teens.  (December 2013, Poz)
• Partner notification highly effective at finding new HIV cases, but a third who could be tested are missed.  (November 2013, AIDSmap)
• Specialised testing and social marketing campaigns increase the detection of acute HIV infection among gay men.  (October 2013, AIDSmap)
• How can most-at-risk populations be encouraged to seek HIV testing?  (July 2013, AIDSmap)
• Home visits during pregnancy increase number of male partners tested for HIV.  (July 2013, AIDSmap)

HIV Testing, Care, and the HIV Treatment Cascade

• PrEP, test-and-treat offer most cost-effective methods for HIV prevention.  (September 2016, Healio)
• Universal HIV testing suggested for children from poorer countries.  (September 2016, Healio)
• HIV Test-and-Treat: A Tricky Issue.  (July 2016, MedPage Today)
• Looking for Symptoms Is a Poor Way to Detect Early HIV Infection.  (June 2016, Poz)
• Successful diagnosis of acute/early HIV infections may have contributed to fall in HIV incidence in San Diego.  (May 2016, AIDSmap)
• Getting people tested remains top priority in U.S. eradication of HIV.  (April 2016, Healio)
• Intensive HIV Partner Notification in Edmonton, Alberta Identifies People Who Don’t Know They Are Living With HIV. (Spring 2016, CATIE)
• As many as 185,000 new HIV infections in the U.S. could be prevented by expanding testing, treatment, PrEP (CDC); related coverage by AIDSmap, Poz, Healio, and TheBody
• Botswana close to reaching the 90-90-90 testing and treatment targets.  (February 2016, AIDSmap); related coverage from MedPage Today and Science Speaks Blog; abstract on 2016 Retrovirus Conference
• Opt-out HIV/HBV/HCV testing for patients attending emergency departments identifies significant number of new infections.  (March 2016, AIDSmap)
• Missed opportunities for HIV testing during routine doctor visits, BRFSS, 2011-2013.  (February 2016, CDC)  Related coverage from Healio)
• PopART trial shows feasibility of reaching 90-90-90 targets for testing and treatment coverage in Zambia and South Africa.  (February 2016, AIDSmap)
• PrEP, plus increased testing and treatment, could prevent nearly half of HIV infections in gay men in the UK by 2020.  (January 2016, AIDSmap)
• STI clinic attendees have high HIV diagnosis rates in Netherlands, but many missed opportunities in primary care.  (September 2015, AIDSmap)
• Just Five States Have HIV Diagnosis Rates Over 90 Percent.  (June 2015, Poz)
• Many undiagnosed HIV infections picked up when testing people who have other medical conditions, but implementation challenges remain.  (April 2015, AIDSmap)
• Study shows how time runs out on teenagers with HIV after a decade or more undiagnosed.  (March 2015, Science Speaks Blog)
• HIV testing in ED serves as link to care.  (March 2015, Healio)
• 91% of HIV Passes from Those Unaware They’re Infected or Not in Care.  (February 2015, Poz)
• HIV most often passed on by younger gay men who have undiagnosed HIV, are not on treatment, and have an ongoing partnership.  (December 2014, AIDSmap)
• Testing, Safer Sex Reduces HIV in SF Gays Compared With London.  (August 2014, Poz)
• Only 1 in 5 Primary Care Docs Routinely Screen for HIV.  (August 2014, Poz)
• HIV is increasing in gay men in London because of lack of testing, comparative study finds.  (July 2014, AIDSmap)
• Annual HIV tests for high-risk groups and one-off screening for all others could havea big impact on UK’s HIV epidemic.  (May 2014, AIDSmap)
• Expanded HIV testing may find more acute infections as well as more late presenters.  (April 2014, AIDSmap)
• Jails and Prisons Miss Chances to Test for HIV, Link to Care.  (April 2014, Poz)
• Massive Scale-Up of HIV Testing, Plus HIV Treatment on Diagnosis, Needed to Curtail UK Gay Epidemic. (March 2014, AIDSmap)
• Opt-out HIV testing for acute medical admissions to UK hospitals works.  (January 2014, AIDSmap)
• Addicts in Treatment Have Less Access to HIV and STI Testing.  (January 2014, Poz)
• People newly diagnosed with HIV/STIs often have individuals with undiagnosed HIV in their social network.  (December 2013, AIDSmap)
• HIV Test Counseling Fails to Lower STI Incidence.  (October 2013, Poz)
• Pre-test counselling does not reduce sexual risk taking – findings support streamlined HIV testing procedures.  (October 2013, AIDSmap)
• First-ever community-randomised combination prevention trial produces modest drop in HIV incidence, big increase in testing in men.  (July 2013, AIDSmap)
• Prompt HIV diagnosis and early antiretroviral therapy especially important for older people.  (June 2013, AIDSmap)
• Gays in Care Identify HIV Earlier, Treat It at Higher Rates.  (June 2013, Poz)

HIV Testing in Specific Population Groups and Testing Trends

• Early infant HIV testing at birth and at 6 weeks of age will save lives, extend life expectancy and is cost-effective for South Africa, study finds.  (September 2016, AIDSmap)
• Where would gay men prefer to take their next HIV test?  (September 2016, AIDSmap)
• Access to HIV home tests doubles the frequency of HIV testing in Australian gay men.  (July 2016, AIDSmap)
• Jumping Hurdles with Adolescents: We Need More Than Just an HIV Test.  (July 2016, Global Forum on MSM and HIV)
• Grindr Reaches At-Risk Minority Gay and Bi Men with HIV Self-Testing Kits.  (July 2016, Poz)
• Doctors Aren’t Testing Young Men for HIV Often Enough.  (July 2016, Poz); related coverage from Healio
• Using Artificial Intelligence to Get Homeless Youth Tested for HIV.  (June 2016, Poz)
• HIV testing lacking in pregnant women.  (June 2016, Healio)
• Late Diagnosis, Adherence to Tx Problematic for Latinos With HIV. (April 2016, MedPage Today)
• In Drug-Theft Scandal, Two More Hospitals Urge Patients to Test for HIV and Hepatitis.  (March 2016, Poz)
• During pregnancy, offering HIV testing at home doubles the proportion of male partners who test.  (February 2016, AIDSmap)
• Setting a benchmark for HIV testing at visits to U.S. physician offices by men aged 18-39 years.  (February 2016, CDC)
• Testing insufficient to prevent HIV spread in adult film industry.  (February 2016, Healio)
• Large UK study shows low rates of HIV testing, even among those who think they are at risk of HIV.  (December 2015, AIDSmap)
• UK’s latest HIV figures show the need to scale up HIV testing and prevention.  (November 2015, AIDSmap)
• Under 5% of U.S. Adults Age 50 or Older Tested for HIV, Despite Guidelines.  (September 2015, TheBodyPro)
• Many undiagnosed HIV infections picked up when testing people who have other medical conditions, but implementation challenges remain.  (April 2015, AIDSmap)
• Study shows how time runs out on teenagers with HIV after a decade or more undiagnosed.  (March 2015, Science Speaks Blog)
• How Marijuana Use Affects HIV Testing and Care.  (March 2015, TheBodyPro)
• HIV testing continues to rise in UK gay men, but safer sex knowledge drops.  (February 2015, AIDSmap)
• HIV Testing and Service Delivery Among Blacks or African Americans – 61 Health Department Jurisdictions, United States, 2013.  (February 2015, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report)
• Heterosexuals at High Risk for HIV Don’t Test Enough.  (December 2014, Poz)
• HIV most often passed on by younger gay men who have undiagnosed HIV, are not on treatment, and have an ongoing partnership.  (December 2014, AIDSmap)
• Higher HIV Rates in Black MSM Due to Racial Gaps in Testing and Care.  (December 2014, TheBodyPro)
• HIV epidemic will spring back without near-universal diagnosis and treatment, says UNAIDS.  (December 2014, AIDSmap)
• People Tend to Seek HIV Prevention and Testing Info at Week’s Outset.  (May 2015, Poz)
• QuickStats: Percentage of Adults Aged 18–59 Years Who Have Ever Been Tested for HIV, by Number of Lifetime Sex Partners and by Sex – National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007–2010.  (October 2014, MMWR)
• Gays May See Monogamy as Barrier to HIV, Even Without Testing.  (November 2014, Poz)
• HIV testing and ongoing relationships are part of ‘safer sex’ for young gay men.  (November 2014, AIDSmap)
• Views from the front lines: Couples testing and counselling.  (Fall 2014, CATIE)
• Testing, Safer Sex Reduces HIV in SF Gays Compared With London.  (August 2014, Poz)
• As Global Pandemic Abates, 54% of Those With HIV Are Unaware.  (July 2014, Poz)
• Only 1 in 5 Sexually Active High Schoolers Have Had an HIV Test.  (July 2014, Poz)
• HIV is increasing in gay men in London because of lack of testing, comparative study finds.  (July 2014, AIDSmap)
• Jails and Prisons Miss Chances to Test for HIV, Link to Care.  (April 2014, Poz)
• Targeting HIV in Drug Injectors Can Lower AIDS in Heterosexuals.  (March 2014, Poz)
• Massive Scale-Up of HIV Testing, Plus HIV Treatment on Diagnosis, Needed to Curtail UK Gay Epidemic. (March 2014, AIDSmap)
• More MSM Get Tested for HIV, and More of Them Take Meds.  (March 2014, Poz)
• Home-Based HIV Tests May Increase HIV Rates Among Gays. (January 2014, Poz)
• Addicts in Treatment Have Less Access to HIV and STI Testing.  (January 2014, Poz)
• People newly diagnosed with HIV/STIs often have individuals with undiagnosed HIV in their social network.  (December 2013, AIDSmap)
• Testing New Inmates May Not Uncover Many New HIV Cases.  (December 2013, Poz)
• WHO Makes Recommendations for HIV Testing, Treatment Among Adolescents.  (December 2013, Kaiser Family Foundation)
• HIV Education, Risky Sex Not Linked to Testing in Urban Teens.  (December 2013, Poz)
• Major UK study shows rise in HIV testing, but only a quarter of gay men tested in previous year.  (November 2013, AIDSmap)
• Church attendance associated with late HIV diagnosis among U.S. MSM.  (November 2013, AIDSmap)
• Specialised testing and social marketing campaigns increase the detection of acute HIV infection among gay men.  (October 2013, AIDSmap)
• Insufficient HIV Testing May Make Gay Relationships Risky.  (September 2013, Poz)
• What HIV self-testing may mean for couples.  (July 2013, AIDSmap)
• Prompt HIV diagnosis and early antiretroviral therapy especially important for older people.  (June 2013, AIDSmap)