See also: Circumcision and HIV; HIV Prevention – General Information; Microbicides and HIV; PrEP – Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis; Pregnancy, Family Planning, and Mother-to-Child Transmission; PEP – Post-Exposure Prophylaxis; Sexual Health and HIV; HIV Treatment as Prevention; Vaccines to Prevent and Treat HIV Infection

General Information

• How HIV is spread (San Francisco AIDS Foundation)
• Stopping the spread of HIV (AIDS InfoNet) and Spanish version
• The Basics of HIV Prevention (AIDSinfo)
• HIV Transmission and Risks (Poz)

Fact Sheets from CDC:

• Oral Sex and HIV Risk
• HIV and Substance Use in the United States
• HIV and Injection Drug Use in the United States

Fact Sheets from AIDSmap:

• Sexual transmission of HIV
• Unprotected sex
• Oral sex
• Viral load and transmission

Safe or Risky?: Level of Risk for Different Activities:

• How risky is it? (AIDS InfoNet) and Spanish version.
• Drug use and HIV (AIDS InfoNet) and Spanish version.

Reducing the Risk of HIV Transmission:

• Harm reduction and HIV (AIDS InfoNet) and Spanish version
• Reducing the risk of getting HIV from injection drug use (San Francisco AIDS Foundation)
• Reducing the risk of getting HIV from sexual activities (San Franscisco AIDS Foundation)
• Safer sex guidelines (AIDS InfoNet) and Spanish version
• Condoms (AIDS InfoNet) and Spanish version
• Treatment after exposure to HIV (AIDS InfoNet) and Spanish version

Fact Sheets from CDC:

• CDC’s Clinical Studies of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for HIV Prevention: Questions and Answers
• Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV and Syphilis Globally
• Condom Effectiveness
• Occupational HIV Transmission and Prevention Among Health Care Workers
• HIV and Male Circumcision

Fact sheets from AIDSmap:

• How transmission occurs
• Viral load and the risk of transmission
• Co-factors that affect the risk of transmission
• Sexual activities
• Protective measures
• Mother-to-child transmission
• Injecting drug use
• Medical procedures
• Low risks, theoretical risks and impossible routes

Safer Sex Fact Sheets from Poz:

• Vaginal Intercourse
• Anal Intercourse
• Oral-Penile Sex
• Oral-Vaginal Sex
• Oral-Anal Sex
• Digital-Anal or Digital-Vaginal Sex

Selected Recent Articles

• Almost half of MSM with HIV/HCV co-infection have HCV in their rectal fluid.  (December 2016, AIDSmap)
• Various Life Stressors Make Many Gay and Bi Black Men More Vulnerable to HIV.  (October 2016, Poz)
• The Undetectable Problem 2: Dating, Sex and Criminalization.  (September 2016, TheBodyPro)
• Despite Male Youth’s Similar Sexual Behaviors, MSM Have a Significantly Higher Risk of Acquiring HIV.  (September 2016, TheBodyPro)
• Gay and Bi Men with More Partners Are More Likely to Use HIV Risk Reduction Methods.  (August 2016, Poz)
• Methamphetamine Tightly Tied to Greater HIV Risk Behavior in MSM.  (August 2016, TheBodyPro)
• Early ART reduces risk for HIV-1 transmission among serodiscordant couples.  (August 2016, Healio)
• No new HIV infections seen in San Francisco’s Strut PrEP programme.  (August 2016, AIDSmap)
• Vaginal bacteria increase HIV susceptibility and may reduce PrEP effectiveness.  (August 2016, AIDSmap)
• Zero HIV Transmissions in Major San Francisco PrEP Program.  (August 2016, Poz)
• Early HIV Treatment Lowers Transmission Risk by Up to 93%: HPTN 052 Final Results.  (August 2016, TheBodyPro)
• ‘Test and treat’: large study fails to show an impact on new HIV infections.  (July 2016, AIDSmap)
• Those with Liver Transplants Have Excellent Chance of Hepatitis C Cure. (July 2016, Hepmag)
• Gay and Bisexual Teen Males No More Likely than Heterosexual Teen Males to Engage in Several Sexual Risk Behaviors.  (July 2016, CDC)
• No Condoms, No Problems in PrEP Study.  (July 2016, Healio)
• PrEP can further reduce the risk of HIV infection after a partner starts treatment.  (July 2016, AIDSmap)
• More confidence on zero risk: still no transmissions seen from people with an undetectable viral load in PARTNER study.  (July 2016, AIDSmap); related coverage from MedPage Today and Beta Blog
• Circumcision, ART reduce new HIV infections in rural Ugandan men.  (July 2016, Healio)
• PrEP can cut new HIV infections by one-third in next decade.  (July 2016, Healio)
• ART prevents HIV transmission within serodiscordant couples.  (July 2016, Healio)
• HIV seroconversion is rare if Truvada PrEP is used consistently.  (July 2016, AIDSmap)
• Treating HIV Cuts Transmission Among Straight South African Couples by 77 Percent. (July 2016, Poz)
• Zero: No Linked HIV Transmissions in PARTNER Study After Couples Had Sex 58,000 Times Without Condoms.  (July 2016, HIV i-base)
• Gay men report a wide range of behaviours to make sex safer.  (June 2016, AIDSmap)
• High Levels of Transmitted HIV Drug Resistance in Washington, D.C.  (June 2016, Poz)
• Serosorting Likely Responsible for Reducing HIV Infections in Seattle, Say Researchers.  (June 2016, Beta Blog)
• HIV treatment reduces HIV transmission by 77% in South African couples.  (June 2016, AIDSmap)
• Men with Full HIV Suppression in Blood Also Have Undetectable Virus in Precum.  (June 2016, Poz)
• Three More Countries Eliminate Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission.  (June 2016, Poz); related coverage from Healio
• HLM 2016 AIDS: PEPFAR directs $100 million to reach gay men and other men who have sex with men, transgender people, sex workers, people who inject drugs, and prisoners.  (June 2016, Science Speaks Blog)
• Colorado technician who tampered with patient syringes tests positive for HIV.  (June 2016, Healio)
• HIV infection reported in blood transfusion recipients in India.  (June 2016, Healio)
• Many South African patients whose HIV has been diagnosed have unprotected sex with a serodiscordant partner before starting ART.  (June 2016, AIDSmap)
• How Infectious Do You Think You Are?  (May 2016, Poz)
• Identifying “hotspots” of HIV transmission with big data.  (May 2016, Beta Blog)
• Men taking virologically suppressive ART have undetectable HIV in their pre-ejaculatory fluid.  (May 2016, AIDSmap)
• Small risk of sexual transmission of HIV persists through first six months of ART.  (May 2016, AIDSmap)
• How do gay men diagnosed with HIV change their risk behaviour?  (May 2016, AIDSmap)
• Transmitted drug resistance: The other side to the PrEP failure case we’re not talking about.  (May 2016, Beta Blog)
• ART use doesn’t increase sexual risk among people with HIV in the U.K.  (April 2016, AIDSmap)
• HIV-Infected Vaginal Cells Still Won’t Transmit if the Viral Load Is Undetectable.  (April 2016, Poz)
• More people with HIV are achieving viral suppression in US, but about 40% remain above transmission thresholds.  (April 2016, AIDSmap)
• What’s Love Got to Do With It? Exploring How Intimate Relationships with Men Impact Women Who Inject Drugs and Their Vulnerability for Hep C and HIV.  (Spring 2016, CATIE)
• The Railroad: From science to delivery, freeing young black gay men from a tragic trajectory.  (March 2016, AVAC)
• Transmitted HIV Medication Resistance is Increasing, Mostly Among Non-Nukes.  (March 2016, Poz)
• Hormonal birth control can intensify genital injury during sex, increasing HIV risk.  (March 2016, Beta Blog)
• In Drug-Theft Scandal, Two More Hospitals Urge Patients to Test for HIV and Hepatitis.  (March 2016, Poz)
• PrEP’s Arrival in San Francisco Coincided with Accelerated Increase in Sexual RiskTaking in Gay and Bi Men. (March 2016, Poz)
• HIV-1 laboratory contagion during recombination procedures with defective constructs.  (February 2016, Retrovirus Conference); related coverage from Healio and MedPage Today
• Option B+ cuts mother-to-child HIV transmission dramatically in Malawi.  (February 2016, AIDSmap); related coverage from AIDSmap and Healio; abstract from 2016 Retrovirus Conference
• People with HIV considerably overestimate their chance of infecting someone.  (February 2016, AIDSmap); related coverage from Poz and Healio; abstract from 2016 Retrovirus Conference
• Very high levels of chemsex and ‘slamsex’ seen in HIV-positive men attending English/Welsh HIV clinics.  (February 2016, AIDSmap)
• HIV-infected vaginal cells do not transmit HIV if plasma viral load is undetectable, researchers find.  (February 2016, AIDSmap)
• Criminal laws on HIV transmission make little difference to sexual behaviour – or may make condomless sex more likely.  (February 2016, AIDSmap)
• Possible mechanism explains increased HIV risk caused by progestin-only contraceptives.  (January 2016, Healio)
• Iatrogenic transmission fueled early spread of HIV pandemic in Africa.  (January 2016, Healio)
• PrEP, plus increased testing and treatment, could prevent nearly half of HIV infections in gay men in the UK by 2020.  (January 2016, AIDSmap)
• PrEP Could Halve HIV Rate in British Gay Men.  (January 2016, Poz)
• Gay Men Increase Sexual Risk-Taking After Starting Meth.  (December 2015, Poz)
• Young Gay & Bi Men with Detectable HIV Report Riskier Sex.  (December 2015, Poz)
• Transmission of HIV drug resistance remains stable in Europe.  (December 2015, Healio)
• Gay men starting to use crystal meth usually increase their sexual risk taking.  (December 2015, AIDSmap)
• Counselling for HIV sero-discordant couples associated with reductions in HIV risk behaviour.  (November 2015, AIDSmap)
• Many HIV transmissions in sero-discordant couples occurring at CD4 cell counts above ART eligibility threshold.  (November 2015, AIDSmap)
• HIV Often Transmits During Early Phase and Treatment Interruptions.  (October 2015, Poz)
• New guidelines demonstrate ‘point of clarity’ in managing HIV transmission with PrEP. Video dated October 2015, Healio)
• 67 Pharma Workers Tested for HIV and Hepatitis After Flu Shot Snafu.  (October 2015, Hepmag)
• No transmission of integrase inhibitor-resistant HIV seen in California patients.  (October 2015, AIDSmap)
• Recent infection and ART treatment interruptions are key periods for HIV transmission.  (October 2015, AIDSmap)
• No HIV infections seen in San Francisco PrEP users referred via primary care.  (September 2015, AIDSmap)
• After 2.5 Years, No One in Large SF PrEP Group Contracts HIV.  (September 2015, Poz)
• One in 20 New York City Gay Men Acquire HIV Within a Year of Syphilis Diagnosis.  (August 2015, TheBodyPro)
• Low-threshold methadone maintenance reduces HIV risk for people who inject drugs.  (August 2015, AIDSmap)
• No HIV transmissions with suppressed virus.  (August 2015, Project Inform)
• Raltegravir appears to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission during late pregnancy.  (July 2015, AIDSmap)
• Non-Daily PrEP Likely Works For Anal, Not Necessarily Vaginal, Sex.  (July 2015, Poz)
• Half of African migrants diagnosed with HIV in France acquired HIV while living there.  (July 2015, AIDSmap)
• No HIV infections from partners with fully suppressed viral load during long-term follow up of landmark treatment as prevention trial.  (July 2015, AIDSmap)
• New Proof That Passing on HIV While Undetectable Is Very Unlikely.  (July 2015, Poz)
• More Evidence That Cocaine Leads to HIV Susceptibility.  (June 2015, Poz)
• Gay Relationship Dynamics Affect Perception of Partner’s HIV Status.  (June 2015, Poz)
• Living in a stigmatizing country increases HIV risk for MSM in Europe.  (June 2015, AIDSmap)
• Depression and Risky Sex Strongly Linked in UK Gay Men.  (June 2015, Poz)
• HIV-1 acquisition risk lower among users of NET-EN vs. DMPA.  (June 2015, Healio)
• Hook-up Apps Partly Blamed for Rhode Island’s Uptick in STIs.  (June 2015, Poz)
• Vaginal Bacteria May Raise HIV Risk in South Africa.  (May 2015, Poz)
• Isentress effectively prevents vertical transmission of HIV.  (May 2015, Healio)
• Relative infectivity of HIV-1 acute phase may be overestimated.  (April 2015, Healio)
• Men with syphilis at high risk for HIV.  (April 2015, Healio)
• Newly adopted risk behaviours predict HIV infections in Portuguese gay men.  (April 2015, AIDSmap)
• Six in ten US HIV infections are transmitted by people who know they have HIV but are not in care.  (April 2015, AIDSmap)
• More people in the UK are starting HIV treatment early, in order to reduce their risk of transmission.  (March 2015, AIDSmap)
• More Poor Black Women Are Accessing Health Care, and Having Risky Sex.  (March 2015, Poz)
• Early HIV Phase May Be Less Infectious Than Once Thought.  (March 2015, Poz)
• HIV Transmission Risk Remains During First 6 Months of Treatment.  (March 2015, TheBodyPro)
• The risk for transmission persists through the first six months of HIV treatment.  (March 2015, Project Inform)
• As PrEP Use in San Francisco Rises, Hope for Cutting HIV Rates.  (March 2015, Poz)
• Gay Mixed-HIV-Status Couple Study Has No Transmissions So Far.  (March 2015, Poz)
• Hepatitis C Treatment and Pregnancy.  (March 2015, Hepmag)
• Daily PrEP + ARVs in Mixed-HIV Status Couples = Prevention Success.  (February 2015, Poz)
• Sex-based PrEP cuts infections by 86%.  (February 2015, Project Inform)
• Daily PrEP reduces HIV infections by 86% in U.K. PROUD Study.  (February 2015, Project Inform)
• PROMISE: Triple antiretroviral regimens effectively prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission.  (February 2015, Healio)
• Wider PrEP Use in San Francisco Could Cut New HIV Rate by 70%.  (February 2015, NATAP)
• Breastfeeding mothers often undiagnosed in sub-Saharan Africa.  (February 2015, AIDSmap)
• 7-country study shows triple-drug combination superior for preventing infant HIV infection.  (February 2015, AIDSmap)
• Study shows “Near elimination of HIV transmission” in a demonstration of PrEP as a bridge to treatment.  (February 2015, Science Speaks Blog)
• 91% of HIV Passes From Those Unaware They’re Infected or Not in Care.  (February 2015, Poz)
• How Well Do Condoms and PrEP Prevent HIV Among Gay and Bi Men?  (February 2015, Poz)
• Analysis Linking Depo-Provera to HIV Risk Deepens Debate on the Injectable Contraceptive.  (January 2015, TheBodyPro)
• Many HIV-positive people’s understanding of the law on HIV transmission is “weak and patchy.”  (January 2015, AIDSmap)
• Substance use and social problems predict HIV infection in American gay men.  (January 2015, AIDSmap)
• Only 1 Confirmed Case of Occupational HIV Acquisition Since 1999.  (January 2015, Poz)
• FDA Sustains Gay Stereotypes, HIV Stigma in Blood Donor Policy Change, Advocates Say.  (December 2014, TheBody)
• CDC Analysis Puts Numbers on Condom Effectiveness for Gay Men.  (December 2014, TheBodyPro)
• CDC researchers publish estimate of effectiveness of condom use in anal sex.  (December 2014, AIDSmap)
• HIV most often passed on by younger gay men who have undiagnosed HIV, are not on treatment, and have an ongoing partnership.  (December 2014, AIDSmap)
• Getting to the bottom of it: Anal sex, rectal fluid, and HIV transmission.  (Fall 2014, CATIE)
• Insight into HIV transmission risk when the viral load is undetectable and no condom is used.  (Fall 2014, CATIE)
• Open label oral PrEP at four doses a week: why zero infections does not equal 100% efficacy. (August 2014, HIV i-Base)
• Gay men interested in taking PrEP already report high-risk behaviour. (July 2014, AIDSmap)
• Nearly half of young gay men in Bangkok not using condoms consistently acquire HIV within five years of starting sex.   (July 2014, AIDSmap)More data suggest increased risk of HIV infection for women using contraceptive injections.  (July 2014, AIDSmap)
• Circumcision Reduces Syphilis Rates in Both Men and Women.  (July 2014, Poz)
• Significantly less syphilis in female partners of circumcised men.  (July 2014, AIDSmap)
• Substantial proportion of male HIV infections labelled as ‘heterosexual exposure’ in UK probably due to sex with other men.  (July 2014, AIDSmap)
• Herpes Drives Heterosexual Transmission of HIV in NYC.  (July 2014, Poz)
• What’s Your Long-term Risk of Transmitting HIV?  (July 2014, Poz)
• High prevalence of risk behaviour means there’s potential for worsening of HIV epidemic among people who inject drugs in Europe.  (June 2014, AIDSmap)
• Gay men who discuss HIV status with sexual partners are less likely to acquire HIV.  (June 2014, AIDSmap)
• Gays Who Hook Up Online Tend to Have Riskier Sex.  (June 2014, Poz)
• HIV infection due to unsafe medical injections may have fallen by almost 90% worldwide in decade after 2000.  (June 2014, AIDSmap)
• Pressure to Man Up May Raise HIV Risk for Black MSM.  (June 2014, Poz)
• Poor infection control procedures lead to HIV transmissions at haemodialysis centre in Saudi Arabia.  (June 2014, AIDSmap)
• Transmitting HIV While on Meds Is Rare but Likely Still Possible.  (June 2014, Poz)
• Second analysis concludes that we can’t eliminate the long-term possibility of HIV transmission from someone on treatment.  (May 2014, AIDSmap)
• Opioid Substitution Therapy Is Linked to Lowered HIV Risk.  (May 2014, Poz)
• Methadone and buprenorphine-naloxone both associated with reduced HIV risk among people who inject drugs.  (April 2014, AIDSmap)
• Favoring ARVs for HIV Subgroups May Better Thwart Epidemic.  (April 2014, Poz)
• HIV Still Found in Semen of Some Fully Suppressed Men.  (April 2014, Poz)
• HIV viral load in semen can differ in two samples provided within one hour.  (April 2014, AIDSmap)
• Standard HIV treatment achieves high concentrations in female genital tract and suppresses shedding of virus.  (April 2014, AIDSmap)
• Crystal Meth May Fuel HIV Disease Progression and Transmission.  (March 2014, Poz)
• HIV incidence is high among pregnant and postpartum women and increases the risk of mother-to-child transmission.  (March 2014, AIDSmap)
• Women with circumcised partners less likely to have HIV, no less likely to use condoms.  (March 2014, AIDSmap)
• Rare Apparent Lesbian HIV Transmission is Documented.  (March 2014, Poz)
• Rare case of lesbian transmission of HIV reported in U.S.  (March 2014, AIDSmap)
• Only having sex with same-status partners is an HIV prevention strategy for 40% of gay men.  (March 2014, AIDSmap)
• Sexually Transmitted Infections Greatly Increase the Risk of HIV Infection in Pregnancy. (March 2014, AIDSmap)
• Nearly Nil HIV Transmission Risk Without Condoms and With HIV+ Partner on Suppressive ART. (March 2014, NATAP)
• Nipping HIV in the bud: could we use genotyping to interrupt transmission?  (March 2014, AIDSmap)
• Younger women not at higher risk of HIV from relationships with older men, South African study finds.  (March 2014, AIDSmap)
• U.S. HIV Transmission Network Study Holds Some Surprises About Women and MSM. (March 2014, NATAP)
• HIV Transmission Bottleneck Offers Clue to HCV Epidemic in HIV+ MSM. (March 2014, NATAP)
• HIV Tx Tied to Low Infection From Sex. (March 2014, MedPage Today)
• Novel Network Score Tied to HIV Transmission Risk and Outcomes. (March 2014, NATAP)
• Race, Age, and Transmission Risk Affect Viral Suppression Chances in D.C. Cohort. (March 2014, NATAP)
• Viral Suppression May Bring HIV Transmission Risk Close to Zero.  (March 2014, Poz)
• No-one with an undetectable viral load, gay or heterosexual, transmits HIV in first two years of PARTNER study.  (March 2014, AIDSmap)
• Zero HIV Infections Seen Through Condomless Sex When HIV-Positive Partner Is on Effective Treatment. (March 2014, TheBodyPro)
• Zero HIV Transmissions in Mixed-Status Couples Having Condomless Sex. (March 2014, Beta Blog)
• Early Treatment Lowers HIV’s Spread and Benefits Economy.  (March 2014, Poz)
• Reconnecting patients lost to follow-up with care can prevent new HIV transmissions.  (February 2014, AIDSmap)
• HIV and Hepatitis C Transmission Routes Are Closely Linked.  (February 2014, Poz)
• Close link between HIV and hepatitis C transmission networks.  (February 2014, AIDSmap)
• Study Examines Why Partner Violence Is Linked to HIV Risk.  (January 2014, Poz)
• Study Examines Fluidity of Gay Men’s Risk for HIV Over Time. (January 2014, Poz)
• Home-Based HIV Tests May Increase HIV Rates Among Gays. (January 2014, Poz)
• Gay men’s HIV risk varies hugely between individuals and over time, cohort study finds.  (January 2014, AIDSmap)
• Those Newly Diagnosed With HIV, STIs Help Find Other Cases.  (January 2014, Poz)
• Another Study Suggests PrEP Doesn’t Lead to Riskier Sex.  (January 2014, Poz)
• Longitudinal Studies Shed Light on MSM Per-Contact HIV Risk.  (January 2014, Poz)
• Should HIV-Serodiscordant Couples Always Take Preventive Measures? Experts Debate.  (December 2013, TheBodyPro)
• Recreational Drug Use Associated With Increased High-Risk Sexual Behaviors Among Young Gay Men Living With HIV.  (December 2013, TheBodyPro)
• Men with penile HPV infection have an increased risk of acquiring HIV.  (December 2013, AIDSmap)
• Unprotected Sex on the Rise Among Gay Men.  (December 2013, Poz)
• Condomless sex increasing in US gay men – especially in HIV-negative and untested men.  (November 2013, AIDSmap)
• HPV Associated With Increased Risk of HIV in Men.  (November 2013, CDC)
• Sex in Prison Is Common Among Black Male Inmates.  (November 2013, Poz)
• Harm reduction works: extremely low HIV incidence over almost 20 years among people who inject drugs in Australia.  (November 2013, AIDSmap)
• Cocaine May Fuel HIV Acquisition and Its Spread Between Cells.  (October 2013, Poz)
• Revisiting the safety spectrum: how gay men fall into different ‘risk classes’ for HIV.  (October 2013, AIDSmap)
• Making treatment as prevention a reality for people who inject drugs.  (September 2013, AIDSmap)
• Economic austerity affects the way in which HIV-positive Londoners view ‘treatment as prevention.’  (September 2013, AIDSmap)
• Sexually Versatile Gay Men Likely Fueling HIV Spread.  (September 2013, Poz)
• PrEP Adherence Curbs HIV Transmission in Straight Couples.  (September 2013, Poz)
• Circumcision Program in South African Town Reduces HIV Rates.  (September 2013, Poz)
• Intravenous AZT does not provide extra protection against vertical transmission in mothers with undetectable viral load.  (September 2013, AIDSmap)
• “Undetectable”: Safe or Not?  Blog item dated August 2013, TheBodyPro)
• Rectal STIs Raise Risk of HIV Infection Among Gay Men.  (July 2013, Poz)
• Viral Shedding May Occur in Semen Despite Undetectable Status.  (July 2013, Poz)
• Negative Gay Men Consider Viral Load Before Unprotected Sex.  (July 2013, Poz)
• Strategies to detect and treat MSM with acute infection may be a powerful tool to control HIV epidemics.  (July 2013, AIDSmap)
• People with HIV outside continuous care contribute disproportionately to viral load and infection potential, Canadian study finds.  (June 2013, AIDSmap)
• Community viral load is flawed indicator of infectiousness, say experts.  (May 2013, AIDSmap)
• Herpes Linked to HIV in Semen of Gay Men on ARVs.  (May 2013, Poz)
• Heavy Drinking Linked to HIV Transmissions.  (May 2013, Poz)
• Herpes viruses associated with shedding of HIV in the semen of gay men taking suppressive antiretroviral therapy.  (May 2013, AIDSmap)
• A majority of HIV-positive gay men in Dutch survey take their viral load into consideration if having unprotected sex.  (April 2013, AIDSmap)
• Viral Load Persists in Genital Tracts of More Women Than Men Taking ARVs.  (April 2013, Poz)
• Viral load in genital secretions differs between men and women undergoing HIV therapy.  (April 2013, AIDSmap)
• Why HIV That Transmits Is More Infectious and Resilient.  (April 2013, Poz)
• High Community Viral Load a Possible Driver of African HIV Epidemic.  (March 2013, Poz)
• No change in Rates of Transmitted Drug-Resistant HIV.  (March 2013, Poz)
• Long-Acting PrEP Injection Prevents Anal Simian HIV Transmission.  (March 2013, Poz)
• Contraceptive injections and HIV infection risk – a public health conundrum.  (March 2013, AIDSmap)
• New HIV Rate High After iPrEx Men Stop Truvada PrEP (or Placebo): when taking Truvada PrEP it works.  (March 2013, NATAP)
• Black gay men run higher risk of HIV infection despite fewer partners.  (March 2013, AIDSmap)
• Used Consistently for Anal Sex, Condoms Prevent 7 in 10 HIV Infections.  (March 2013, Poz)
• Prevention Remains Best Method To Stop Mother-To-Child HIV Transmission.  (March 2013, Kaiser Daily Global Health Policy Report)
• Increased Cytokine Levels in Semen May Aid in HIV Transmission.  (March 2013, Poz)
• Consistent condom use in anal sex stops 70% of HIV infections, study finds, but intermittent use has no effect. (March 2013, AIDSmap)
• ‘Intensified’ Antiretroviral Regimen Reduces Viral Shedding in Semen. (February 2013, Poz)
• Variations in genital shedding of HIV during menstrual cycle large enough to impact on risk of sexual transmission. (February 2013, AIDSmap)
• More evidence of sexual transmission of hepatitis C among HIV-positive gay men in the US.  (February 2013, AIDSmap)
• Even With a Suppressed Viral Load, Mothers With HIV Should Not Breast-feed.  (February 2013, Poz)
• UK experts: successful treatment is “as effective as consistent condom use” in reducing HIV transmission.  (January 2013, AIDSmap)
• U.K. Throws Weight Behind Treatment as Prevention Model.  (January 2013, Poz)
• Undetectable Viral Load Essentially Eliminates Transmission Risk in Straight Couples.  (January 2013, Poz)
• UK experts: successful treatment is “as effective as consistent condom use” in reducing HIV transmission.  (January 2013, AIDSmap)