See also: HIV Viral Load and Viral Suppression

General Information

• Understanding drug resistance (Poz)
• HIV resistance testing (AIDS InfoNet) and Spanish and Russian versions
• Resistance (The Well Project)
• What Is Drug Resistance (AIDSmap)
• HIV genotypic resistance testing (labtestsonline)
• HIV/AIDS drug resistance (TheBody)

Selected Recent Articles

• Patients who fail modern HIV regimens show high prevalence of older mutations.  (December 2016, Hepmag)
• High level of drug resistance found among Mexican patients with HIV.  (September 2016, Healio)
• Assessing Benefits of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Relative to Risks of Drug Resistance.  (September 2016, TheBodyPro)
• New HIV Resistance to Antiretrovirals Almost Disappears in Switzerland.  (September 2016, HIV Treatment Alerts/TheBodyPro)
• Acquired HIV Antiretroviral Resistance Is a ‘Well-Controlled Relic’ in Switzerland.  (August 2016, TheBodyPro)
• Advances in ART reduce drug resistance.  (August 2016, Healio)
• Sentosa genotyping assay detects HIV drug resistance mutations.  (August 2016, Healio)
• No Increased Resistance With Once-Daily Dosing of Abacavir and 3TC Than Twice-Daily Dosing in the ARROW Trial.  (July 2016, HIV iBase)
• Viral load pilot study shows roll-out will depend on an educated workforce.  (July 2016, AIDSmap)
• Integrase Inhibitors Work Well to Treat NNRTI Drug Resistant HIV.  (July 2016, Beta Blog)
• Many U.S. communities vulnerable to HIV outbreak due to unsafe injecting of prescription opioids.  (June 2016, AIDSmap)
• Acquisition, impact of HIV drug resistance differs in children, adults.  (June 2016, Healio)
• Alarmingly High Levels of HIV Drug Resistance in Those Failing Treatment in Kenya.  (June 2016, Poz)
• Acquisition, impact of HIV drug resistance differs in children, adults.  (June 2016, Healio)
• Very high levels of drug resistance seen in people experiencing first-line antiretroviral therapy failure in Kenya.  (May 2016, AIDSmap)
• HIV rapidly develops resistance to gene-editing cure technology.  (May 2016, AIDSmap)
• ARV resistance greater among youth with perinatal HIV.  (May 2016, Healio)
• Transmitted drug resistance: The other side to the PrEP failure case we’re not talking about.  (May 2016, Beta Blog)
• Resistance to anti-HIV drugs in steep decline in Switzerland.  (April 2016, AIDSmap)
• Drug resistance is ‘uncommon,’ but clinicians must remain vigilant.  (April 2016, Healio)
• Transmitted HIV Medication Resistance is Increasing, Mostly Among Non-Nukes.  (March 2016, Poz)
• Meet the Man Who Got HIV While on Daily PrEP. (March 2016, Poz); related coverage from Healio
• Almost-certain case of PrEP failure due to drug resistance reported at Retrovirus Conference conference.  (February 2016, AIDSmap); related coverage from Beta Blog and Poz, Project Inform, and TheBody
• Tenofovir resistance may develop after HIV treatment failure in over half in sub-Saharan Africa.  (February 2016, AIDSmap); related coverage from Poz
• Viread resistance common in many low-, middle-income countries.  (January 2016, Healio)
• Undetectable & Low-level HIV Viral Replication.  (January 2016, Beta Blog)
• HIV subtypes may influence treatment failure.  (January 2016, Healio)
• Drug Resistance from Truvada as PrEP Does Not Last.  (December 2015, Poz)
• Drug resistance acquired during HIV PrEP rapidly disappears after medication is discontinued.  (December 2015, AIDSmap)
• Death during MDR-TB treatment more likely in people with HIV and underweight or most drug-resistant patients.  (December 2015, AIDSmap)
• Detectable Viral Load Below 50 Copies Linked to 2-Year Viral Rebound Risk.  (December 2015, TheBodyPro)
• Transmission of HIV drug resistance remains stable in Europe.  (December 2015, Healio)
• No transmission of integrase inhibitor-resistant HIV seen in California patients.  (October 2015, AIDSmap)
• HIV Meds Should Work for Most Drug-Resistant Strains in the U.K.  (July 2015, Poz)
• Transmitted HIV drug resistance is persistent but is not harming treatment responses in the UK.  (June 2015, AIDSmap)
• Drug resistance possible risk for PrEP.  (April 2015, Healio)
• Few mutations implicated in transmission of drug-resistant HIV.  (April 2015, Healio)
• PrEP and Drug Resistance: Cause for Concern?  (April 2015, Beta Blog)
• While Rare, Drug Resistance After Contracting HIV on PrEP Can Occur.  (January 2015, Poz)
• What are the barriers that could stop HIV treatment becoming HIV prevention?  (November 2014, AIDSmap)
• Emerging epidemic of transmitted HIV drug resistance in low- and middle-income countries, with highest burden seen in MSM.  (October 2014, AIDSmap)
• New HIV Drug Resistance Test Works With Undetectable Viral Load.  (October 2014, Poz)
• Longer time to virological failure and less drug resistance seen in people taking Atripla than in people taking separate drugs.  (September 2014, AIDSmap)
• Time to first-line failure in the IeDEA cohort. (August 2014, HIV i-Base)
• Tivicay Suppresses HIV Well, Even With Nuke Resistance.  (August 2014, Poz)
• Switching From First-Line ART When Suppressed Boosts Failure Chance.  (July 2014, NATAP)
• Dolutegravir demonstrates good efficacy despite resistance.  (July 2014, AIDSmap)
• DTG-Based Regimens Are Active in INI-Naive Patients With a History of NRTI Resistance.  (July 2014, NATAP)
• Effect of viral suppression below 20 copies of HIV-RNA /mL of plasma on virological outcome of treated HIV- infected patients.  (July 2014, NATAP)
• Failure Risk Similar With 20 to 50 Copies and Always Under 20 Copies.  (July 2014, NATAP)
• Good Response and Resistance Record in Naive and Experienced Starting Dolutegravir.  (July 2014, NATAP)
• High rates of drug resistance among HIV-positive infants in South Africa.  (July 2014, AIDSmap)
• Changing Meds May Be Unneeded After PI Treatment Failure.  (June 2014, Poz)
• People starting therapy on a boosted protease inhihibitor don’t need to switch after one virological failure episode, study indicates.  (June 2014, AIDSmap)
• Seroconverting on PrEP Not a Major Risk For Truvada Resistance.  (May 2014, Poz)
• No significant risk of resistance if HIV infection occurs during use of Truvada PrEP.  (May 2014, AIDSmap)
• Transmitted HIV Resistance Rate Close to 20% in Large Study of U.S. MSM. (March 2014, NATAP)
• Successful HIV drug resistance testing is possible when viral load is low.  (January 2014, AIDSmap)
• Most MSM Who Transmit Drug-Resistant HIV Are Not on Treatment.   (November 2013, CDC)
• People who aren’t taking HIV treatment are a major source of transmitted resistance in Swiss gay men.  (November 2013, AIDSmap)
• A Fond Farewell to the “Virtual Phenotype” Test.  (November 2013, Journal Watch)
• Rates of Failure in HIV Drugs Vary Widely in Poorer Nations.  (November 2013, Poz)
• Baseline Viral Load, Time to Suppression Dictate Rebound Risk.  (November 2013, Poz)
• Long-Acting HIV Drugs Could Extend Lives of Low Adherers.  (November 2013, Poz)
• HIV rebound linked to higher baseline level, slower suppression and low-level viraemia.  (October 2013, AIDSmap)
• HIV Rebound Risk May Be Predicted by Baseline Viral Load, Time to Viral Suppression.  (October 2013, TheBodyPro)
• Number of people infected with drug-resistant HIV in Europe has risen by around 35%.  (October 2013, AIDSmap)
• Solving the HIV Treatment Adherence Enigma.  (October 2013, TheBodyPro)
• Big differences in virological outcomes among people taking first-line HIV therapy in resource-limited settings.  (October 2013, AIDSmap)
• Novel NNRTI AIC292 works well against drug-resistant HIV.  (September 2013, AIDSmap)
• Even Very Low Viral Loads Can Lead to Treatment Failure.  (September 2013, Poz)
• Persisently detectable viral load at any level increases risk of HIV treatment failure.  (August 2013, AIDSmap)
• Nevirapine dose escalation for children may risk treatment failure.  (June 2013, AIDSmap)
• Test-And-Treat Would Slow HIV Spread, Improve Health Outcomes, but Raise Drug Resistance.  (March 2013, Poz)
• Change in Rates of Transmitted Drug-Resistant HIV.  (March 2013, Poz)
• Virologic Failure in 40% of Perinatally Infected US Children – Regimen Switching Slow.  (March 2013, NATAP)
• Routine viral load monitoring almost halves risk of virologic failure in 18-month Kenyan study.  (March 2013, AIDSmap)
• Resistance to Darunavir Falling Since Approval of the Protease Inhibitor in 2006.  (March 2013, NATAP)
• Can people with resistant HIV omit NRTIs when switching from a failing regimen?  (March 2013, AIDSmap)
• Wide US Study Finds 16% With Newly Diagnosed HIV Carry Resistant Virus.  (March 2013, NATAP)
• HIV Meds Can Still Benefit Those with Triple-Class Failure.  (January 2013, Poz)
• Nigeria: Drug resistance data show merits of using tenofovir in first-line ART regimens.  (January 2013, AIDSmap)
• Australian researchers project that many HIV-positive people will run out of treatment options.  (January 2013, AIDSmap)
• Prevalence of drug-resistant HIV has fallen dramatically among antiretroviral-experienced patients in Western Europe.  (January 2013, AIDSmap)